Module 3: Six Sigma Methodologies

    In this module, we dive deep into the two core Six Sigma approaches that drive process excellence—DMAIC and DMADV. These methodologies are the heart of Six Sigma and guide professionals to solve problems, improve efficiency, and deliver better outcomes.  

Overview: DMAIC vs. DMADV

DMAIC is used to improve existing processes, while DMADV is used to design new processes or products from scratch.
Both follow a structured, data-driven approach, but are applied in different situations depending on your business goals.

 When to Use DMAIC

Use DMAIC when:

• A current process is underperforming

• You want to reduce defects or variability

• The solution is not known and needs exploration

Example: If a company’s product delivery is frequently delayed, DMAIC helps analyze root causes and fix the bottlenecks.

 When to Use DMADV

Use DMADV when:

• You’re creating a new process, product, or service

• The current system cannot meet customer requirements

• High innovation or customization is needed

Example: A startup designing a mobile app from scratch can use DMADV to ensure customer needs are integrated from the beginning.

 DMAIC – Step-by-Step Breakdown

1. Define
   Identify the problem clearly, set goals, and understand customer requirements.
   Example: Define the issue of high refund rates on an e-commerce site.

2. Measure
   Collect data on current performance.
   Example: Measure the percentage of returns per product line.

3. Analyze
   Find root causes using statistical tools.
   Example: Use Pareto charts to identify top causes for refunds.

4. Improve
   Develop and test solutions to eliminate defects.
   Example: Improve packaging or product descriptions to reduce confusion.

5. Control
   Monitor the improved process to sustain gains.
   Example: Implement dashboards and regular audits.

 DMADV – Step-by-Step Breakdown

1. Define
   Set objectives and understand customer needs.
   Example: Define what users expect in a new food delivery app.

2. Measure
   Quantify customer needs and product requirements.
   Example: Measure preferred delivery times and budget range.

3. Analyze
   Explore design alternatives and select the best one.
   Example: Analyze different UI/UX flows for user-friendliness.

4. Design
   Develop the process/product in detail.
   Example: Design app screens and backend workflows.

5. Verify
   Test and validate the design with stakeholders.
   Example: Conduct beta testing and surveys before launch.